Notes On Gaseous State This page provides you all details about the gaseous state of BSc standard. Concerned problems will be solved at the end of each concept. Continue till the end to find the easiest explanation of every concept you need in this regard . Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases: 1. All gas consist of a very large number of minute particles, called molecules. 2. The gas molecules are extremely small in size and are separated by large distance. The actual volume of the gas molecules is thus negligible as compared to the total volume occupied by the gas. 3. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the bombardment of the molecules on the walls of the vessel. 4. The gas molecules collide with one another and also with the walls of the vessels. These collisions are perfectly elastic and there is no loss of energy during these collisions. 5. The distance between the gas molecules are very large. Thus, there is no effective force of attraction or r
Theoritical principles in qualitative analysis
(Hydrogen Sulphide scheme)
Solubility and Solubility Product :
The
maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a definite amount of solvent
at a particular temperature is called the solubility.
For
example the solubility of NaCl in water is 0.359 g/ml or simply 35.9 g/100ml at
25 degree centigrade and that of AgCl in water is only 520 micro gram/100 g at
50 degree centigrade. Thus we say AgCl is a sparingly soluble salt as it is
soluble to a very less extent.
Consider the solubility of AgCl, at 50 degree centigrade,
It ionises in water as follows:
AgCl (s) ⇌ Ag + + Cl -
AgCl (s) stands here for solid AgCl
Applying the law of chemical equilibium,
K = [Ag+ ] . [Cl -] / [AgCl (s)] ---------- equation 1
Since AgCl is sparingly soluble (dissolves in water to a very small extent ), its saturated solution is prepared easily. The point here to note is that, what ever amount of a spairingly soluble salt dissolves, it is completely ionised . In other words, a saturated solution has its maximum ion conc. in the solution. Also the conc. of solid AgCl (left undissolved and settled down) becomes fixed or simply a constant. Thus from equation.1
=> K [AgCl] = const. = Ksp = [Ag+ ] [Cl -]
The constant Ksp is called the solubility product.
All we need to create in our mind is that, the solubility product of a salt is obtained when the solution of that salt is saturated and has the maximum ion concentration. This can be applied to any type of salt.
In general for a salt of the type , AxBy ,
AxBy → XAy+ + YB x-
Ksp = [Ay+ ] x . [B x-] y
Thus the solubility product of a salt at a given temperature may be difined as :
" The product of molar conc. of ions (formed in the saturated solution at a given temp.) raised to the power equal to the number of times each ions occurs in the equation of solubility equilibrium .
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