Chapter Wise IIT JAM Chemistry questions and solution

Chemistry terms in Hindi and Odia

Here is an alphabetical arrangement of chemistry terms and their meaning in Hindi and Odia.

A

1.     Acid – A substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) or accepts electrons.

 अम्ल - एक पदार्थ जो प्रोटॉन (H⁺ आयन) दान करता है या इलेक्ट्रॉन स्वीकार करता है।

       ଏସିଡ୍ - ଏକ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଯାହା ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ (H⁺ ion) ଦାନ କରେ କିମ୍ବା ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରନ୍ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରେ |

2.     Activation Energy – The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

      सक्रियण ऊर्जा - रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया होने के लिए आवश्यक न्यूनतम ऊर्जा।

      ସକ୍ରିୟ ଶକ୍ତି - ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟିବା ପାଇଁ ସର୍ବନିମ୍ନ ଶକ୍ତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ |

3.     Alkali – A base that dissolves in water to release hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

          क्षार - एक आधार जो पानी में घुलकर हाइड्रॉक्साइड आयन (OH⁻) छोड़ता है।

          ଅଲକାଲି - ହାଇଡ୍ରକ୍ସାଇଡ୍ ଆୟନ (OH⁻) ମୁକ୍ତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପାଣିରେ ତରଳିଯାଏ |

4.     Alloy – A mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal.

        मिश्र धातु - दो या दो से अधिक धातुओं या एक धातु और एक अधातु का मिश्रण।

     ମିଶ୍ର ଧାତୁ - ଦୁଇ କିମ୍ବା ଅଧିକ ଧାତୁ କିମ୍ବା ଏକ ଧାତୁ ଏବଂ ଏକ ଅଣ ଧାତୁର ମିଶ୍ରଣ |

5.     Anion – A negatively charged ion.

B

6.     Base – A substance that accepts protons (H⁺) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

7.     Boiling Point – The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.

8.     Bond Energy – The amount of energy required to break a chemical bond.

9.     Buffer – A solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

10.    Bronsted-Lowry Acid – A substance that donates a proton (H⁺).

C

11. Catalyst – A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

12.                        Cation – A positively charged ion.

13.                        Covalent Bond – A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons.

14.                        Chemical Reaction – A process in which substances are transformed into new substances.

15.                        Concentration – The amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.

D

16.                        Decomposition Reaction – A reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances.

17.                        Density – Mass per unit volume of a substance.

18.                        Dissociation – The separation of molecules into smaller particles such as ions.

19.                        Diffusion – The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

20.                        Dipole – A molecule with positive and negative charges separated in different regions.

E

21.                        Electrolysis – A process that uses electricity to decompose a compound.

22.                        Electron – A negatively charged subatomic particle.

23.                        Element – A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.

24.                        Endothermic Reaction – A reaction that absorbs heat.

25.                        Exothermic Reaction – A reaction that releases heat.

F

26.                        Freezing Point – The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.

27.                        Fusion – The process of combining atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.

28.                        Fluorescence – The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light.

29.                        Fermentation – The process by which microorganisms convert sugar into alcohol.

30.                        Formula Unit – The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.

G

31.                        Gas – A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume.

32.                        Gibbs Free Energy – A thermodynamic quantity that determines the spontaneity of a reaction.

33.                        Group – A vertical column in the periodic table.

34.                        Gravimetric Analysis – A method used to determine the amount of a substance by weighing.

35.                        Ground State – The lowest energy state of an atom.

H

36.                        Halogens – Group 17 elements in the periodic table.

37.                        Hydrocarbon – A compound composed of hydrogen and carbon.

38.                        Hydrogen Bonding – A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom.

39.                        Hygroscopic – A substance that absorbs moisture from the air.

40.                        Heat Capacity – The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance.

I

41.                        Ion – An atom or molecule with a net charge due to electron gain or loss.

42.                        Ionic Bond – A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

43.                        Isotope – Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

44.                        Ideal Gas Law – An equation of state for gases: PV = nRT.

45.                        Intermolecular Forces – Forces between molecules, including dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces.

J

46.                        Joule – The SI unit of energy.

K

47.                        Kelvin – The SI unit of temperature.

48.                        Kinetic Energy – Energy possessed by a moving object.

49.                        Kinetics – The study of reaction rates.

50.                        Ketone – An organic compound with a carbonyl group attached to two carbon atoms.

L

51.                        Lattice Energy – Energy required to separate an ionic compound into gaseous ions.

52.                        Le Chatelier’s Principle – A principle stating that a system at equilibrium will shift to counteract changes.

53.                        Limiting Reactant – The reactant that is completely consumed first in a reaction.

54.                        Ligand – A molecule that binds to a central metal atom in a complex.

55.                        Lewis Structure – A diagram that shows bonding and lone pairs in molecules.

M

56.                        Malleability – The ability of a metal to be hammered into sheets.

57.                        Molarity – A concentration unit (moles per liter).

58.                        Molecule – A group of atoms bonded together.

59.                        Molality – Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

60.                        Metallic Bonding – The bonding in metals where electrons are free to move.

N

61.                        Neutralization – A reaction between an acid and a base that forms water and salt.

62.                        Neutron – A subatomic particle with no charge.

63.                        Noble Gases – Elements in Group 18 that are inert.

64.                        Nucleon – A proton or neutron in the nucleus.

65.                        Nucleus – The dense center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

O

66.                        Oxidation – The loss of electrons in a reaction.

67.                        Orbitals – Regions around an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

68.                        Organic Chemistry – The study of carbon-containing compounds.

69.                        Osmosis – The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

70.                        Octet Rule – Atoms gain or lose electrons to obtain 8 valence electrons.

P

71.                        pH – A measure of acidity or alkalinity.

72.                        Precipitate – A solid formed from a solution during a reaction.

73.                        Periodic Table – A chart organizing elements by atomic number.

74.                        Polymer – A large molecule made of repeating units.

75.                        Photochemistry – The study of chemical reactions caused by light.

Q

76.                        Quantum Mechanics – The physics of atomic and subatomic particles.

R

77.                        Reactant – A substance that undergoes change in a reaction.

78.                        Reduction – The gain of electrons in a reaction.

79.                        Radioactivity – The emission of radiation from unstable nuclei.

80.                        Resonance – The delocalization of electrons in molecules.

S

81.                        Solute – A substance dissolved in a solvent.

82.                        Solvent – The substance in which a solute dissolves.

83.                        Sublimation – The direct transition from solid to gas.

84.                        Stoichiometry – The calculation of reactants and products in reactions.

T-Z

85.                        Titration – A method for determining concentration.

86.                        Vaporization – The process of turning a liquid into a gas.

87.                        Valency – The combining power of an element.

88.                        X-ray Crystallography – A method for determining molecular structure.

89.                        Yield – The amount of product obtained.

Zeolites – Microporous minerals used as catalysts.