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Notes On Gaseous State (BSc and Integrated Standard For all Concerned Entrance Examination)

 Notes On Gaseous State      This page provides you all details about the gaseous state of BSc standard. Concerned problems will be solved at the end of each concept. Continue till the end to find the easiest explanation of every concept you need in this regard . Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases: 1. All gas consist of a very large number of minute particles, called molecules.  2. The gas molecules are extremely small in size and are separated by large distance. The actual volume of the gas molecules is thus negligible as compared to the total volume occupied by the gas.  3. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the bombardment of the molecules on the walls of the vessel.  4. The gas molecules collide with one another and also with the walls of the vessels. These collisions are perfectly elastic and there is no loss of energy during these collisions.  5. The distance between the gas molecules are very large. Thus, there is no effective force of attraction or r

Hidden Science: Rural Indian Mothers and Chemistry

 Rural Indian Mothers - They don't preach rather apply chemistry Rural Indian mothers possess a stock of practical knowledge about chemistry, often learned through generations of experience and necessity rather than formal education. This knowledge is deeply embedded in their daily lives, influencing their cooking, cleaning, healthcare practices, and agricultural activities. Read till the end to get the hidden talent and don’t forget to mention your mother in the comment section below. Here’s a glimpse into the chemistry that typical rural mothers in India engage with every day. Cooking: The Heart of the Household Cooking is where rural Indian mothers exhibit their profound understanding of chemistry. They know which ingredients to combine to bring out the best flavors and textures, often through intricate chemical reactions.       Me as an author of this article remeber those golden school days. When school time approached, I used to get angry with my mother knowing that coock

Ethics and Values for Second Semester

 Ethics and Values for 2nd Semester - Pdf, Notes, Syllabus, Questions and Answers Dear friends here you can find pdf download of notes, syllabus, questions and Answers of second semester ethics and values. The syllabus of second semester is: 2.1 : Indian Constitution 2.2 : Patriotism 2.3 : Volunterism 2.4 : Work Ethics Find Notes, Pdf, Q & A of E&V Sem - I Here Download PDF syllabus and Notes 2nd Sem E&V 2.1 : The Indian Constitution: Foundation of the World's Largest Democracy The Indian Constitution, adopted on January 26, 1950, stands as a testament to the nation's commitment to democratic values and the rule of law. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign nation, reflecting India's diversity and complex social fabric. Questions and Answers: Q: What are the preamble of Indian Constitution? The Preamble: A Vision for India The Preamble of the Indian Constitution outlines the essential philosophy and values upon which the nation is bui

Calculation of change in oxidation number in a redox reaction

How to calculate the change in oxidation number in a redox reaction? Following are the steps to follow when you calculate change in oxidation number in a redox reaction. Once you practice two to three times than that becomes super easy to calculate the change in O.N. Take an example of the following reaction (First and easy method). H 2 S + Br 2  -----> HBr + S Step 1: Write the equation in the ionic form and do not balance it. H + +S 2- + Br 2  -----> H + +Br - +S Step 2: Ignore common ions on both side S 2- + Br 2  -----> Br - + S Step 3: Write the O.N of elements at the top now S 2- + Br 2 0  -----> Br - + S 0 Step 4: Find the O.N change of any element by: For example, O.N change of S = [0 – (--2)] X 1 = +2 O.N change of Br = [–1 – 0] X 2 = –2                             

Are you living in a country consuming maximum Toxins in Food?

 List of Countries Consuming Maximum and Minimum Toxins in Food Eating habits and the consumption of toxins can vary widely among different countries and cultures. Some countries and cultures may have diets that are higher in toxins due to factors such as food processing methods, agricultural practices, and dietary choices. Humans can consume some common types of toxins found in food which include: Pesticide Residues: Chemicals used to kill pests on crops can sometimes remain as residues on fruits, vegetables, and grains, which can be consumed by humans. Heavy Metals: Contaminants like lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic can enter the food chain through water, soil, and industrial pollution. Seafood, especially large fish, can sometimes contain elevated levels of mercury. Mycotoxins: These are toxins produced by certain fungi that can grow on crops like grains, nuts, and spices, especially under conditions of poor storage and high humidity. Examples include aflatoxins and ochr

Top ten inspiring quotes from eminent chemists

 Words of Wisdom: Inspiring Quotes from Famous Chemists Chemistry, often referred to as the central science, has shaped our understanding of the natural world and revolutionized countless aspects of our lives. Throughout history, pioneering chemists have made groundbreaking discoveries and profound observations that have laid the foundation for modern chemistry and inspired generations of scientists. Their insights into the nature of matter, the principles of chemical reactions, and the structure of atoms and molecules have not only advanced scientific knowledge but also enriched our perspective on the world around us. In this article, we explore a collection of quotes from some of the most influential chemists in history, including Robert Boyle, August Wilhelm von Hofmann, Antoine Lavoisier, Marie Curie, Linus Pauling, Friedrich Wöhler, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and more. These quotes offer a glimpse into the minds of these remarkable individuals, revealing their passion f

Contribution of Pakistan and Bangladesh to the field of chemistry

  Chemical Innovations: Contributions from Pakistan and Bangladesh Both Pakistan and Bangladesh have made commendable contributions to the field of chemistry despite various challenges. In Pakistan, luminaries like Abdus Salam, although renowned for his work in theoretical physics, began his academic journey with a background in chemistry.  https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ The country's research institutions, including the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) and leading universities, have consistently engaged in groundbreaking chemical research encompassing fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. Similarly, Bangladesh has seen notable advancements in the realm of chemistry, with figures like Dr. Mohammad Ataul Karim making significant strides in chemical engineering and thermodynamics. The country's robust pharmaceutical industry and research institutions, such as the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Contribution of India towards the field of chemistry

  India's Chronology of Chemical Brilliance India has made immense contributions to the field of chemistry, dating back thousands of years, showcasing its deep-rooted scientific traditions and innovative spirit. The ancient Indian scriptures, including the Vedas and Vaishesika Sutras, offer profound insights into various chemical processes and substances, underscoring India's early knowledge dating back even older than Indus valley civilization (3300–1300 BCE). Ancient Indian scholars made significant contributions to the field of chemistry, particularly in the areas of metallurgy, medicine, and alchemy. One of the earliest known texts on chemistry is the "Rasaratnakara," written by Nagarjuna in the 8th century AD. This text covers various chemical processes, including distillation, sublimation, and the preparation of various chemical compounds. Nagarjuna is also credited with the discovery of metallic zinc through the distillation of zinc ores, a process known as &

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Ethics and Values for Semester - I, Books, Syllabus, Important Questions and Answers

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Previous Year 1st Semester Chemistry Honours Questions and Solutions

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Notes on Thermodynamics (Intermediate and BSc)

 Notes on Thermodynamics      A chapter in chemistry can be ranked according to its depth and complexity. Chemical thermodynamics can be ranked to the top most position in this concern. Hence it is almost essential to have either a very good book or very best notes to be able to get the concept and solve the problems and questions answers . You can also have notes on   Periodic table ,  Gaseous state  for BSc  ,  Phase rule ,  Industrial chemicals and environment , and  Solid state , Chemical equilibrium , .     This post is dedicated to all chemistry fans who enjoy reading wonderful explanations of chemistry. Bellow you will find best notes on Thermodynamics. Follow our YouTube Channel    Soul of Chemistry , to further strengthen your concept. The First Law of Thermodynamics      Thermodynamics is concerned with the heat motion (flow). In general, it deals with the relation between heat and mechanical energy. Mechanical energy relates to either kinetic and/or potential energy.